Nonverbal Communication: A Guide for Effective Communication
Nonverbal communication is the production and perception of any type of signal, excluding speech, that is made to convey information to another person (Britannica, 2023). It can occur through facial expressions, gestures, body posture, eye contact, touch, and other cues that are not verbalized. Nonverbal communication is essential for effective communication, as it can enhance or contradict the verbal message, express emotions and attitudes, regulate the flow of conversation, and create rapport and trust with others. In this blog post, we will explore the different types of nonverbal communication, their examples, their importance, and some tips on how to improve them.
Types and Examples of Nonverbal Communication
According to Verywell Mind (2023), there are nine types of nonverbal communication that we use every day. These are:
– Facial expressions: The look on an individual’s face is often the first thing we see. A smile, frown, or grimace tells a lot about their mood and how the subsequent conversation will go. Expressions of happiness, sadness, anger and fear are universal emotions and key forms of nonverbal communication.
– Kinesics: Kinesics, or gestures, are conscious body movements like waving, pointing, and giving a thumbs up or down. One’s culture typically determines what gestures are socially acceptable and which are rude. For example, in Westernized countries, glancing at your watch suggests, “I need to be somewhere.”
– Body posture: Body posture refers to how we position our body in relation to others. It can indicate our level of interest, confidence, dominance, or submission. For example, leaning forward shows engagement and interest, while crossing arms or legs shows defensiveness or resistance.
– Eye contact: Eye contact is one of the most important forms of nonverbal communication. It can convey attention, respect, intimacy, or hostility. Eye contact can also regulate the turn-taking in a conversation. For example, looking away can signal that one is ready to end the conversation or give the floor to someone else.
– Touch: Touch is a powerful form of nonverbal communication that can communicate affection, support, dominance, aggression, or comfort. Touch can also vary depending on the culture and context. For example, a handshake is a common form of greeting in many cultures, while a hug or a kiss may be more appropriate in others.
– Paralanguage: Paralanguage refers to the vocal aspects of communication that are not words. It includes the tone, pitch, volume, speed, and quality of voice. Paralanguage can modify or emphasize the meaning of words. For example, saying “I’m fine” with a high-pitched voice and a sigh can imply sarcasm or dissatisfaction.
– Proxemics: Proxemics refers to the use of space and distance in communication. It can indicate the degree of intimacy or formality between people. Proxemics can also vary depending on the culture and context. For example, in some cultures, standing close to someone shows respect and interest, while in others it may be seen as intrusive or aggressive.
– Chronemics: Chronemics refers to the use of time in communication. It can indicate the value and importance we assign to people and events. Chronemics can also vary depending on the culture and context. For example, in some cultures,
