Nursing Care for Patients with ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 5% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide. ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning and development. Patients with ADHD may face various challenges in their academic, occupational, social and personal lives, such as poor academic performance, low self-esteem, substance abuse, mood disorders and relationship problems.
Nurses play a vital role in providing care and support for patients with ADHD, especially in primary care settings where they may be the first point of contact for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Nurses can help patients with ADHD by:
– Assessing their symptoms, history, comorbidities and psychosocial factors using standardized tools such as the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) or the Conners’ Rating Scales (CRS).
– Educating them about the nature, causes, effects and management of ADHD using evidence-based information and resources.
– Collaborating with other health professionals, such as physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists and pharmacists, to develop and implement a comprehensive and individualized treatment plan that may include medication, psychotherapy, behavioral interventions and lifestyle modifications.
– Monitoring their response to treatment, adherence to medication, side effects and potential drug interactions using regular follow-ups and feedback.
– Providing them with emotional support, encouragement and motivation to cope with their symptoms and challenges.
– Empowering them to take an active role in their own care and self-management by teaching them strategies to improve their attention, organization, time management, problem-solving and coping skills.
– Referring them to other services or resources that may be beneficial for them, such as support groups, educational programs, vocational counseling or coaching.
Nurses can also help patients with ADHD by advocating for their needs and rights in various settings, such as schools, workplaces and communities. Nurses can raise awareness and reduce stigma about ADHD by educating others about the disorder and its impact on patients’ lives. Nurses can also promote a positive and supportive environment for patients with ADHD by respecting their diversity, strengths and preferences.
Nurses who provide care for patients with ADHD need to have adequate knowledge, skills and competencies in this area of practice. They also need to keep updated with the latest research and guidelines on ADHD diagnosis, treatment and management. Moreover, they need to have a compassionate and empathetic attitude towards patients with ADHD and their families. By doing so, nurses can make a significant difference in the quality of life of patients with ADHD.
References:
– American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
– Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A clinical workbook (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
– Kooij J.J.S., Bijlenga D., Salerno L., et al. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry 56: 14–34.
– National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management (NICE Guideline No. 87). London: Author.
