Homework Help – Topic Postpartum hemorrhage

Anther concept map.
Homework Help – Topic Postpartum hemorrhage with 1 or 2 references please.

following questions for postpartum hemorrhage to be answered.

Homework Help – Topic Postpartum hemorrhage
1. What is Postpartum hemorrhage
2. Signs and Symptoms
3. Risk Factors
4. Diagnosis (Professor’s feedback for the last concept map- what type of labs!)
5. Treatment (Professor’s feedback for the last concept map- Work on naming medications)
6. Nursing actions or Interventions
Here is your requested concept map on “Postpartum Hemorrhage”:

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Postpartum Hemorrhage
| Definition
| Symptoms
| Risk Factors
| Diagnosis
| Treatment
| Nursing Actions

Definition:
Excessive bleeding (>500 ml) after childbirth, either within 24 hours (early PPH) or after 24 hours up to 12 weeks (late PPH).

Symptoms:
– Vaginal bleeding that soaks a pad in an hour or less
– Rapid heartbeat and/or low blood pressure
– Feeling faint or dizzy
– Abdominal pain or uterine contractions

Risk Factors:
– Previous history of PPH
– Multiparity (giving birth more than once)
– Large baby or multiple gestations
– Prolonged labor or quick delivery
– Retained placenta or uterine rupture
– Pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension

Diagnosis:
– Clinical assessment (vital signs, blood loss estimation, physical exam)
– Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
– Coagulation studies (PT, PTT, fibrinogen)
– Blood type and Rh factor
– Ultrasound to check for retained placenta or uterine abnormalities

Treatment:
– Oxytocin, misoprostol, or other uterotonic medications to stimulate uterine contractions and control bleeding
– Blood transfusion or intravenous fluids to replace lost blood volume
– Surgical interventions (uterine artery embolization, balloon tamponade, hysterectomy) in severe cases

Nursing Actions:
– Monitor vital signs, blood loss, and urine output
– Provide emotional support and education to the patient and family
– Administer medications as ordered
– Assist with blood transfusion or surgical interventions as needed
– Promote rest and adequate nutrition
References:

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2019). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: Postpartum Hemorrhage. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 134(5), e123-e137.
World Health Organization. (2017). WHO Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.