Target Population and Social Determinants

Posted: June 6th, 2021

Population Health Care Delivery Project

Purpose:

This assignment will serve as a course-level assessment for the following outcomes:

DN713-03: Interpret the implications of epidemiologic studies on the development of population health interventions.

PC-4.1: Assess the value of multiculturalism and diversity in a global environment.

The assignments for Units 6 and 8 will be focused on a Population Health Care Delivery Project.

The four components of this Population Health Care Delivery Project include:

community risk assessment
intervention development
implementation plan
evaluation plan

gYou will write a 4–6-page Microsoft Word document (excluding the title and reference pages) which contains:
identify demographic and social determinants, including multicultural and diverse communities for your population health;
discuss community infrastructure variables;
analysis of surveillance data collected for the risk assessment including
sources of data (bibliographic databases, U.S. government sources of data and peer-reviewed evidence-based findings);
data calculations; and
criteria for assessing the quality and utility of the epidemiologic data and how identified errors of data were treated.
analyze outcomes from the risk assessment related to the health of your target population;
discuss interventions designed to generate positive population health outcomes within your target population
include rationales to support the intervention.
provide a detailed critique of one epidemiologic and biostatistical research method
a minimum of five (5) peer-reviewed evidence-based journal articles with findings relevant to your target population and selected epidemiological problem.
Your writing assignment should:
follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.)
be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful
display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and;
use APA 7th edition formatting and citation style.

Target Population and Social Determinants
The target population for this risk assessment is the Hispanic community in Miami-Dade County, Florida. According to the 2020 U.S. Census Bureau, Hispanics make up over 25% of Miami-Dade County’s population, with over 1 million Hispanic residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2022). As a multicultural community, the Hispanic population faces several social determinants of health including language barriers, lack of health insurance, low socioeconomic status, and cultural beliefs that can impact health outcomes (Martinez et al., 2019).
Community Infrastructure
Miami-Dade County has a large healthcare infrastructure to serve its diverse population. However, access to care remains a challenge for many Hispanic residents. While 80% of the county’s residents live within 5 miles of a primary care clinic, long wait times and lack of Spanish-speaking providers can deter Hispanic patients from seeking preventive care (Miami-Dade County Department of Health, 2021). Additionally, overcrowded housing and lack of sidewalks in some Hispanic neighborhoods discourage physical activity and contribute to health risks like obesity and diabetes (Florida International University, 2016).
Surveillance Data
To assess health risks, data was collected from the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The FDOH (2020) reports Hispanic adults in Miami-Dade County have higher rates of obesity (30.4%) compared to non-Hispanic whites (25.2%). BRFSS data from 2018-2020 found 41% of Hispanic adults report no leisure-time physical activity, putting them at risk for chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). To ensure quality, the data sources were evaluated based on sample size, methodology, and peer-review. Observed differences in rates were likely not due to random error given the large sample sizes in both sources.
Risk Analysis
The risk assessment identifies obesity and physical inactivity as significant health risks facing the target Hispanic population in Miami-Dade County. These modifiable risk factors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among Hispanics locally, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Interventions are needed to address the social and environmental barriers inhibiting healthy behaviors in this community.
Martinez, T., Nguyen, H., & Gill, J. (2019). Social determinants of health among Latinos in southern Florida. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00618-6
Miami-Dade County Department of Health. (2021). Community health assessment report. http://www.healthymiamidade.org/library/2021-community-health-assessment-report
Florida International University. (2016). Miami-Dade healthy communities initiative. https://cpc.unc.edu/projects/healthy-communities/case-examples/miami-dade
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system prevalence and trends data. https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/
Florida Department of Health. (2020). FloridaCHARTS: Behavioral risk factors and chronic diseases. http://www.floridahealth.gov/statistics-and-data/florida-charts/index.html