Assessment 02 – Protected Health Information

Posted: October 2nd, 2024

Assessment 02 – Protected Health Information.

Protecting Patient Privacy in the Digital Age:
A Guide for Mental Health and Rehabilitation Center Staff

What is Protected Health Information (PHI)?
Protected Health Information (PHI) includes any individually identifiable health information that is created, used, or disclosed in the course of providing healthcare services. In our mental health and rehabilitation center, this encompasses:

Patient names, addresses, and dates of birth
Medical record numbers and admission dates
Diagnoses, treatment plans, and medication information
Psychological assessments and therapy notes
Substance abuse history and recovery progress
HIPAA Essentials:
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates that we safeguard PHI. Key requirements include:

Implementing physical, technical, and administrative safeguards
Obtaining patient authorization before sharing PHI
Providing patients with access to their health records
Reporting any breaches of unsecured PHI
Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality in Healthcare Technology

Privacy: Ensuring that patients have control over how their personal health information is collected, used, and disclosed.
Example: Obtaining explicit consent before discussing a patient’s progress with family members.

Security: Implementing measures to protect PHI from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure.
Example: Using strong passwords and encryption for electronic health records (EHRs).

Confidentiality: Maintaining the secrecy of patient information and limiting its access to authorized individuals only.
Example: Refraining from discussing patient cases in public areas of the facility.

Interdisciplinary Collaboration for PHI Protection

Effective safeguarding of sensitive electronic health information requires a unified approach:

Regular team meetings to discuss privacy policies and potential risks
Cross-departmental training on HIPAA compliance and best practices
Collaborative development of protocols for secure information sharing
Joint review of security incidents to identify areas for improvement
Social Media Risks and Consequences

Recent incidents highlight the severe repercussions of social media misuse in healthcare:

In 2021, a Florida nurse was terminated for posting photos of a newborn with birth defects on social media (NBC News, 2021).

Four nurses in Atlanta were fired in 2022 for filming TikTok videos mocking patients (New York Post, 2022).

In 2018, a Texas nurse was dismissed for sharing information about a rare measles case on Facebook (HIPAA Journal, 2018).

Financial penalties for healthcare organizations can be substantial, potentially reaching millions of dollars for serious breaches.

Evidence-Based Strategies for Breach Prevention

Comprehensive Social Media Policies: Develop clear guidelines on appropriate use of social media platforms.

Regular Training: Conduct ongoing education sessions on HIPAA compliance and social media etiquette (Kerr et al., 2020).

Access Control: Implement role-based access to electronic health records and monitor user activity.

Encryption: Ensure all devices containing PHI are encrypted, including mobile devices and laptops.

Incident Response Plan: Establish a clear protocol for reporting and addressing potential breaches.

Steps to Take if a Breach Occurs

Immediately report the incident to the privacy officer or designated authority.
Document all known details about the breach.
Assist in containing the breach and mitigating any potential harm.
Participate fully in the investigation process.
Review and adhere to updated policies and procedures implemented post-breach.
Remember: Protecting patient privacy is not just a legal obligation, but a fundamental aspect of providing quality care and maintaining trust in our mental health and rehabilitation center.

References:

Kerr, H., Booth, R., & Jackson, K. (2020). Exploring the characteristics and behaviors of nurses who have attained microcelebrity status on Instagram: Content analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e16540.

NBC News. (2021). Florida nurse fired after posting photos of baby born with birth defect on social media. Retrieved from [URL]

New York Post. (2022). The nurses fired for mocking patients on TikTok exemplify our culture of narcissism. Retrieved from [URL]

HIPAA Journal. (2018). Texas nurse fired for social media HIPAA violation. Retrieved from [URL]

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Social media do’s and don’ts for nurses. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/content-hub/resources/workplace/social-media-dos-and-donts-for-nurses/

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Assessment 02 – Protected Health Information.

For this assessment, you will prepare a two-page interprofessional staff update on HIPAA and appropriate social media use in health care. Before you complete the detailed instructions in the courseroom, first select one of the settings below that will become the focus of your interprofessional staff update.
After you have selected one of the two settings below, return to the courseroom to review the assessment instructions and grading rubric prior to completing your assessment.
• Skilled Nursing Facility:
o Context: Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) provide therapeutic services,
rehabilitation, and continuous nursing care for patients who aren’t in an acute
phase of illness but still require specialized care. Residents often stay for
extended periods, and there’s a close-knit community feel.
o Social Media Concern: Sharing moments from daily activities, therapies, or
resident interactions can breach patient privacy, even if done with the best
intentions.
• Mental Health and Rehabilitation Centers:
o Context: These centers cater to individuals with mental health issues or those
undergoing rehabilitation for substance abuse. The stigma associated with
mental health and addiction makes privacy paramount.
o Social Media Concern: Discussing patient progress, sharing stories, or even
describing daily challenges can lead to unintentional disclosure of sensitive
patient information.

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Prepare a 2 page interprofessional staff update on HIPAA and appropriate social media use in health care.

Introduction
Health care providers today must develop their skills in mitigating risks to their patients and themselves related to patient information. At the same time, they need to be able distinguish between effective and ineffective uses of social media in health care.

This assessment will require you to develop a staff update for an interprofessional team to encourage team members to protect the privacy, confidentiality, and security of patient information.

Professional Context
Health professionals today are increasingly accountable for the use of protected health information (PHI). Various government and regulatory agencies promote and support privacy and security through a variety of activities. Examples include:

Meaningful use of electronic health records (EHR).
Provision of EHR incentive programs through Medicare and Medicaid.
Enforcement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) rules.
Release of educational resources and tools to help providers and hospitals address privacy, security, and confidentiality risks in their practices.
Technological advances, such as the use of social media platforms and applications for patient progress tracking and communication, have provided more access to health information and improved communication between care providers and patients.

At the same time, advances such as these have resulted in more risk for protecting PHI. Nurses typically receive annual training on protecting patient information in their everyday practice. This training usually emphasizes privacy, security, and confidentiality best practices such as:

Keeping passwords secure.
Logging out of public computers.
Sharing patient information only with those directly providing care or who have been granted permission to receive this information.
Today, one of the major risks associated with privacy and confidentiality of patient identity and data relates to social media. Many nurses and other health care providers place themselves at risk when they use social media or other electronic communication systems inappropriately. For example, a Texas nurse was recently terminated for posting patient vaccination information on Facebook. In another case, a New York nurse was terminated for posting an insensitive emergency department photo on her Instagram account.

Preparation
As you begin to consider the assessment, it would be an excellent choice to complete the Breach of Protected Health Information (PHI) activity. The activity will support your success with the assessment by creating the opportunity for you to test your knowledge of potential privacy, security, and confidentiality violations of protected health information. The activity is not graded and counts towards course engagement.

To successfully prepare to complete this assessment, complete the following:

Review the settings presented in the Assessment 02 Supplement: Protected Health Information [PDF] Download Assessment 02 Supplement: Protected Health Information [PDF]resource and select one to use as the focus for this assessment.
Review the infographics on protecting PHI provided in the resources for this assessment, or find other infographics to review. These infographics serve as examples of how to succinctly summarize evidence-based information.
Analyze these infographics and distill them into five or six principles of what makes them effective. As you design your interprofessional staff update, apply these principles. Note: In a staff update, you will not have all the images and graphics that an infographic might contain. Instead, focus your analysis on what makes the messaging effective.
Select from any of the following options, or a combination of options, as the focus of your interprofessional staff update:
Social media best practices.
What not to do: social media.
Social media risks to patient information.
Steps to take if a breach occurs.
Conduct independent research on the topic you have selected in addition to reviewing the suggested resources for this assessment. This information will serve as the source(s) of the information contained in your interprofessional staff update. Consult the BSN Program Library Research Guide for help in identifying scholarly and/or authoritative sources.
Scenario
In this assessment, imagine you are a nurse in one of the health care settings described in the following resource:

Assessment 02 Supplement: Protected Health Information [PDF]Download Assessment 02 Supplement: Protected Health Information [PDF]
Before your shift begins, you scroll through Facebook and notice that a coworker has posted a photo of herself and a patient on Facebook and described how happy she is that her patient is making great progress. You have recently completed your annual continuing education requirements at work and realize this is a breach of your organization’s social media policy. Your organization requires employees to immediately report such breaches to the privacy officer to ensure the post is removed immediately and that the nurse responsible receives appropriate corrective action.

You follow appropriate organizational protocols and report the breach to the privacy officer. The privacy officer takes swift action to remove the post. Due to the severity of the breach, the organization terminates the nurse.

Based on this incident’s severity, your organization has established a task force with two main goals:

Educate staff on HIPAA and appropriate social media use in health care.
Prevent confidentiality, security, and privacy breaches.
The task force has been charged with creating a series of interprofessional staff updates on the following topics:

Social media best practices.
What not to do: Social media.
Social media risks to patient information.
Steps to take if a breach occurs.
Instructions
First, select one of the health care settings described in the following resource:

Assessment 02 Supplement: Protected Health Information [PDF]Download Assessment 02 Supplement: Protected Health Information [PDF]
As a nurse in this setting, you are asked to create the content for a staff update containing a maximum of two content pages that address one or more of these topics:

Social media best practices.
What not to do: social media.
Social media risks to patient information.
Steps to take if a breach occurs.
This assessment is not a traditional essay. It is a staff educational update about PHI. Consider creating a flyer, pamphlet, or one PowerPoint slide (not an entire presentation). Remember it should not be more than two pages (excluding a title and a reference page).

The task force has asked team members assigned to the topics to include the following content in their updates in addition to content on their selected topics:

What is protected health information (PHI)?
Be sure to include essential HIPAA information.
What are privacy, security, and confidentiality?
Define and provide examples of privacy, security, and confidentiality concerns related to the use of technology in health care.
Explain the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to safeguard sensitive electronic health information.
What evidence relating to social media usage and PHI do interprofessional team members need to be aware of? For example:
What are some examples of nurses being terminated for inappropriate social media use in the United States?
What types of sanctions have health care organizations imposed on interdisciplinary team members who have violated social media policies?
What have been the financial penalties assessed against health care organizations for inappropriate social media use?
What evidence-based strategies have health care organizations employed to prevent or reduce confidentiality, privacy, and security breaches, particularly related to social media usage?
Notes
Your staff update is limited to two double-spaced content pages. Be selective about the content you choose to include in your update so you can meet the page length requirement. Include need-to-know information. Omit nice-to-know information.
Many times people do not read staff updates, do not read them carefully, or do not read them to the end. Ensure your staff update piques staff members’ interest, highlights key points, and is easy to read. Avoid overcrowding the update with too much content.
Also, supply a separate reference page that includes two or three peer-reviewed and one or two non-peer-reviewed resources (for a total of 3–5 resources) to support the staff update content.
Additional Requirements
Written communication: Ensure the staff update is free from errors that detract from the overall message.
Submission length: Maximum of two double-spaced content pages.
Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12-point.
Citations and references: Provide a separate reference page that includes 2–3 current, peer-reviewed and 1–2 current, non-peer-reviewed in-text citations and references (total of 3–5 resources) that support the staff update’s content. Current means no older than 5 years.
APA format: Be sure your citations and references adhere to APA format. Consult the Evidence and APA page for an APA refresher.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

Competency 1: Describe nurses’ and the interdisciplinary team’s role in informatics with a focus on electronic health information and patient care technology to support decision making.
Describe the security, privacy, and confidentially laws related to protecting sensitive electronic health information that govern the interdisciplinary team.
Explain the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to safeguard sensitive electronic health information.
Competency 2: Implement evidence-based strategies to effectively manage protected health information.
Identify evidence-based approaches to mitigate risks to patients and health care staff related to sensitive electronic health information.
Develop a professional, effective staff update that educates interprofessional team members about protecting the security, privacy, and confidentiality of patient data, particularly as it pertains to social media usage.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient care technologies.
Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for citations and references.
Create a clear, concise, well-organized, and professional staff update that is generally free from errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling