DeVry PSY 110 Chapter 2 PreTest (2014)

1)When a neuron is at rest, the ions inside the cell are mostly _______ and the ions outside the cell are mostly _______. dead; alive small; large positively charged; negatively charged negatively charged; positively charged 2)When the action potential gets to the end of the axon: the cell does not return to its resting state. the message gets transmitted to another cell. the cell dies. the message is received by the brain. 3)A branch of the life sciences that deals with the structure and functioning of the nervous system is called ________. psychology bioscience neuroscience biopsychology 4)Neurons fire: stronger when there is a strong stimulus. partially when there is a strong stimulus. either full strength or not at all. partially when there is a weak stimulus. 5)The sac-like structures that are found at the end of a neuron’s axon and that contain neurotransmitters are called: synaptic knobs. dendrites. axon terminals. synaptic vesicles. 6)Special types of glial cells generate a protective fatty substance called: cholesterol. axons. myelin. dendrites. 7)The adrenal glands are located right on top of: the pancreas. each kidney. the liver. each lung. 8)The “master gland” that controls or influences all of the other endocrine glands is the: pineal gland. thyroid gland. pituitary gland. adrenal gland. 9)Neuroplasticity is: the most advanced form of brain surgery. the process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicules. the brain’s ability to change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience and trauma. the research and study of stem cells. 10)The ____ is a network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body. brain nervous system neuron spinal cord 11)The ______ is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. central nervous system peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system somatic nervous system 12)The spinal cord’s outer section is made up of _______ and the inner section is made up of _______. bone; synaptic vesicles somatic cells; dendrites bone; axons and nerves myelinated axons and nerves; the cell bodies of neurons 13)The job of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to: control voluntary muscles. stabilize emotions such as happiness and sadness. provide feelings such as empathy and sympathy. get the body ready to deal with stress. 14)The part of the autonomic nervous system known as the “eat-drink-and-rest” system is the: sensory pathway. motor pathway. parasympathetic division. sympathetic division. 15)Dorothy has spinocerebellar degeneration, a condition that is likely to cause her to have difficulty with: hearing and seeing. reading and writing. walking, speaking, and/or standing. calculating and reasoning. 16)The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the: medulla. cerebral cortex. cerebellum. hippocampus. 17)A(n) _____ is used to record the activity of the cortex just below the skull. computed tomography (CT) scan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan positron emission tomography (PET) scan electroencephalograph 18)A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both: provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions. produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures. create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function. provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain. 19)If the pancreas secretes too much insulin, it results in a condition known as: hypoglycemia. premature baldness. diabetes. dyspepsia. 20)When people are walking, raising their hands in class, or smelling a flower, they are using the: somatic nervous system. central nervous system. skeletal nervous system. autonomic nervous system. 21)Which sense is the only one that is NOT processed through the thalamus? touch hearing smell taste 22)According to the textbook, scientists are investigating the use of stem cells to: treat cancer. alleviate depression. repair damaged or diseased brain tissue. cure birth defects. 23)Which statement most accurately explains the difference in functioning between the right hemisphere of the brain and the left hemisphere? The right sees things upside down, whereas the left sees them right side up. The right processes information from the right side of the body, whereas the left processes information from the left side. The right processes information all at once, whereas the left breaks things down into parts. The right specializes in logical thought processes. 24)A work-related accident left Bob with a paralyzed left arm and an inability to recognize the left side of his visual field. Bob’s condition is called: spinocerebellar degeneration. Wernicke’s aphasia. Broca’s aphasia. spatial neglect. 25)The venom of a black widow spider is an example of a(n) __________, which mimics or enhances the effects of neurotransmitters. beta blocker antagonist agonist endorphin