Comparison of Respiratory Disorders
Asthma Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis Pneumonia
Pathophysiology
Etiology/Population at Risk
Clinical Manifestations including Laboratory data
Typical Nursing Diagnosis
Interventions
NUR2571_Module03 Conparison Of Respiratory Disorder
I’d be happy to help you compare respiratory disorders. Here’s a breakdown of the information you requested:
Respiratory Disorder: Asthma
Pathophysiology:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. It is caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that result in airway inflammation and hyperreactivity.
Etiology/Population at Risk:
Asthma affects people of all ages but is most common in childhood. It is more common in people with a family history of asthma or allergies. Environmental factors such as exposure to allergens, air pollution, and respiratory infections can trigger asthma attacks.
Clinical Manifestations including Laboratory data:
Clinical manifestations of asthma include wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. Laboratory data may show an increased eosinophil count, which is a type of white blood cell associated with allergic inflammation.
Typical Nursing Diagnosis:
Impaired gas exchange related to bronchospasm and airway inflammation
Ineffective breathing pattern related to dyspnea and airway obstruction
Anxiety related to fear of suffocation and inability to breathe
Interventions:
Administer bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications as prescribed
Monitor oxygen saturation and respiratory status
Teach proper inhaler technique and self-management strategies
Encourage a healthy lifestyle and avoidance of triggers
Respiratory Disorder: Emphysema
Pathophysiology:
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that results in the destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to decreased gas exchange and increased airway resistance. It is caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke or other irritants that damage the lungs.
Etiology/Population at Risk:
Emphysema is most commonly caused by smoking, but can also be caused by exposure to air pollution or occupational dust and chemicals. It is more common in people over the age of 50 and in people with a history of smoking.
Clinical Manifestations including Laboratory data:
Clinical manifestations of emphysema include shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Laboratory data may show decreased lung function and a decreased ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC).
Typical Nursing Diagnosis:
Impaired gas exchange related to decreased alveolar surface area and increased airway resistance
Ineffective breathing pattern related to dyspnea and airway obstruction
Activity intolerance related to decreased lung function
Interventions:
Administer bronchodilators and oxygen therapy as prescribed
Encourage smoking cessation and avoidance of irritants
Teach breathing techniques and energy conservation strategies
Provide support and education on coping with a chronic illness
Respiratory Disorder: Chronic Bronchitis
Pathophysiology:
Chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to excess mucus production and a chronic cough. It is caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dust and chemicals.
Etiology/Population at Risk:
Chronic bronchitis is most commonly caused by smoking, but can also be caused by exposure to air pollution or occupational dust and chemicals. It is more common in people over the age of 40 and in people with a history of smoking.
Clinical Manifestations including Laboratory data:
Clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis include a chronic cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Laboratory data may show increased mucus production and decreased lung function.
Typical Nursing Diagnosis:
Impaired gas exchange related to m
