Place an order for your academic papers, assignments and study assistance. Our reliable paper writing service and research assignment help online ensures timely delivery of high-quality essays, answers, analysis and presentations, tailored to your specific course needs and requirements.
Posted: March 28th, 2023
Subjective:
The patient, Mr. X, a 52-year-old male, presents to the clinic with complaints of persistent cough and shortness of breath for the past two weeks. He reports that the cough is non-productive and that he has been experiencing wheezing. Additionally, the patient complains of fatigue and chest tightness. He denies any fever, chills, night sweats, hemoptysis, or weight loss. He has a medical history significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia for which he is taking Lisinopril and Atorvastatin. The patient is a non-smoker and denies any history of allergies.
Objective:
On physical examination, the patient is afebrile, and his vital signs are within normal limits. Lung auscultation reveals expiratory wheezing and prolonged expiration. Pulmonary function tests show a restrictive pattern, with decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) and decreased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Chest X-ray shows hyperinflation with no focal infiltrates. Arterial blood gas analysis shows hypoxemia with a PaO2 of 70 mmHg and a PaCO2 of 35 mmHg.
Assessment:
The patient presents with symptoms and signs suggestive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The diagnosis of COPD is based on the presence of chronic respiratory symptoms and a history of exposure to risk factors such as tobacco smoke or environmental pollutants. In this case, the patient has a history of hypertension, which is a risk factor for COPD, and he presents with chronic cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. The pulmonary function tests show a restrictive pattern with decreased FVC and FEV1, which is consistent with COPD. The chest X-ray and arterial blood gas analysis findings support the diagnosis of COPD.
Plan:
The patient’s management plan includes smoking cessation counseling, pulmonary rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy. The patient will be referred to a smoking cessation program, and nicotine replacement therapy will be initiated. Pulmonary rehabilitation will consist of exercise training, nutritional counseling, and education on breathing techniques. The pharmacotherapy will include bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. The patient will be scheduled for follow-up appointments to monitor his symptoms and response to therapy.
References:
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. (2018). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Retrieved from https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/GOLD-2018-v6.0-FINAL-revised-20-Nov_WMS.pdf
Labaki, W. W., & Han, M. K. (2018). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: epidemiology and risk factors. Clinics in chest medicine, 39(4), 643-655.
Laniado-Laborín, R. (2018). Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Parallel epidemics of the 21 century. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(4), 760.
Tashkin, D. P., & Leidy, N. K. (2018). Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. Clinical therapeutics, 40(4), 514-552.
Place an order in 3 easy steps. Takes less than 5 mins.
Each Student Wants High Quality and That’s Our Focus
An online hub of writing bishops' experts. We select the best qualified writers to join our team. These writers are recruited based on their college graduation grades, exceptional writing skills and ability to convey complex ideas in a clear manner. They each have expertise in specific topic fields and background in academic writing. This expertise enables them to provide well-researched and informative content that meets the highest standards.
In appreciation of the fact that our clients are majorly college and university students, we offer the lowest possible pricing while still providing the best writers. This approach ensures that our clients receive high-quality content and best coursework grades without breaking the bank. Our costs are fair and reasonable compared to other custom writing services in the market. As a result of maintaining the balance between affordability and quality, we have established ourselves as a reliable choice in the industry.
You will never receive a final paper that contains any plagiarism or AI use similarity index. Our team of professional writers and editors is dedicated to ensuring the originality of all content. We scan every final draft before releasing it to be delivered to a customer for submission in safeassign and turnitin. This rigorous process guarantees that the work meets the highest standards of academic integrity.